The Grothendieck Group of a Quantum Projective Space Bundle

We compute the Grothendieck group K_0 of non-commutative analogues of quantum projective space bundles. Our results specialize to give the Grothendieck groups of non-commutative analogues of projective spaces, and specialize to recover the Grothendieck group of a usual projective space bundle over a regular noetherian separated scheme. As an application we develop an intersection theory for the quantum ruled surfaces defined by Van den Bergh.Comment: This paper is being replaced so I can correct the metadata, the title! I (Paul) spelled Grothendieck's name incorrectly. The paper is being reposted with the journal reference and doi added to the metadat

Meaningful activities for improving the wellbeing of people with dementia: Beyond mere pleasure to meeting fundamental psychological needs

Aims: Dementia is being increasingly recognised as a major public health issue for our ageing populations. A critical aspect of supporting people with dementia is facilitating their participation in meaningful activities. However, research to date has not drawn on theories of ageing from developmental psychology that would help undergird the importance of such meaningful activity. For the first time, we connect existing activity provision for people with dementia with developmental psychology theories of ageing. Method: We reviewed the literature in two stages: First, we narratively searched the literature to demonstrate the relevance of psychological theories of ageing for provision of meaningful activities for people with dementia, and in particular focused on the stage-based theories of adult development (Carl Jung and Erik Erikson), gerotranscendence (Tornstam), selective optimisation with compensation (Baltes and Baltes), and optimisation in primary and secondary control (Heckhausen and Schulz). Second, we systematically searched PubMed and PsycINFO for studies with people with dementia that made use of the aforementioned theories. Results: The narrative review highlights that activity provision for people with dementia goes beyond mere pleasure to meeting fundamental psychological needs. More specifically, that: life review therapy and life story work addresses the need for life review; spiritual / religious activities addresses the need for death preparation; intergenerational activities addresses the need for intergenerational relationships; re-acquaintance with previously-conducted leisure activities addresses the need for a sense of control and to achieve life goals; and pursuit of new leisure activities addresses the need to be creative. The systematic searches identified two studies that demonstrated the utility of applying Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to dementia care. Conclusions: We argue for the importance of activity provision for people with dementia to help promote wellbeing amongst an increasing proportion of older people

Model predictive approach for the demand side management of S-market Tuira

Abstract. The decrease of the ecological footprint is crucial for the continuation of modern lifestyle as it is in the future. Decarbonization of the power grid is a major step towards this goal. The renewable resources, such as solar and wind, are becoming increasingly important methods of carbon free energy production. However, their integration to the power grid faces limitations due to their inherent seasonal- and circadian rhythms. Thus, the investment into carbon free energy production is only the first part of the solution, because the intermittent nature results in curtailment phenomena, where increased renewable power generation capacity does not result in increase in renewable penetration in the power grid. To get a completely decarbonized power grid, further technical solutions are needed that enable the renewable penetration into the power grid to rise to 100 %. The power grid has been using top-down architecture, where the aggregator side decides the amount of power generation done by the power plants since its introduction in the beginning of 20th century. In this model, the renewable energy is a disturbance, where power generation side must accommodate to the energy demand drop that the renewable power generation causes. To fix the problem, we also must redesign the power grid infrastructure in a way that high portion of renewable energy does not endanger the power grid stability and controllability. An easier way to manage renewables is by building smart micro-grids, which is an individual power grid with two-way power transfer capabilities. This results to easier decision-making on the grid aggregator side. All the micro-grids that are connected to the main power grid can be instructed how to accommodate their energy production and management to benefit the grid stability of main power grid, and to further improve the estimation of power generation demand of conventional power plants. Furthermore, we must develop tools that the microgrids can utilize to balance power demand across all power grid conditions dictated by the intermittent nature of power demand and renewable energy generation. Beyond the micro-grid introduction, the renewable energy proliferation faces limitations because of the intermittent nature of the renewable energy generation. For example, increasing the capacity of solar power generation will not work to replace conventional power generation after a point if we can only utilize the generated power during daytime. The solution here is to shift the consumption from daytime to night-time. To do this, we need to consider energy storage solutions. This thesis explores the possibility of utilizing cooling as part of power grid management using advanced process control methods in conjunction with an Internet-of-Things approach. More specifically, I investigate the idea of using refrigeration systems as one-way energy sinks that can be used to time-shift the consumption of electricity by storing at peak renewable power generation periods. The target system of the work is the steam-compression-cooling cycle of S-Market Tuira in Oulu, which has a carbon dioxide circulation. In his 2016 Master’s thesis dissertation, Jarno Johannes Tenhomaa has introduced a dynamic linear time variant state model that reflects the dynamics of the cycle, thus telling about the thermal inertia of the cooled products and thus the electricity demand of the cycle. In this work, a Model Predictive Controller is derived using a dynamic model of refrigeration systems, whose function is to control the air temperatures of the store’s refrigerators and freezers, which in turn are followed by the temperatures of the refrigerated products. The MPC control calculates the optimal control trajectory for the cooling system actuator, with which the temperature of the refrigeration system deviates from the set-point temperature as little as possible during the selected prediction horizon. Additionally, the different set-point temperature selection strategies are benchmarked in comparison to each other. The spot-price -based control changes the temperature set-point temperatures of the coolers and freezers according to Nord pool spot price data. The renewable portion data -based control strategies are based on power production data for the power grid in Finland provided by organization Energiateollisuus. For the purposes of testing the MPC controller and control strategy benchmarking, I have built a real-time interactive simulator in Matlab -program to illustrate the function and dynamics of the refrigeration systems of the supermarket.Malli-ennustava lähtökohta energia tarpeen hallintaan Tuiran S-Marketille. Tiivistelmä. Ekologisen jalanjäljen laskeminen on ratkaisevaa modernin elämäntavan jatkamisen ylläpitämiseksi. Hiilipohjaisista polttoaineista luopuminen sähköverkon ylläpitämiseksi on merkittävä askel kohti tätä tavoitetta. Uusiutuvista lähteistä, kuten aurinko- ja tuulivoimasta, on tulossa yhä tärkeämpiä menetelmiä hiilivapaassa energiantuotannossa. Niiden integroimisessa sähköverkkoon on kuitenkin rajoituksia johtuen niiden tyypillisistä vuodenaika- ja vuorokausirytmiriippuvaissuksista. Siten investointi hiilettömään energiantuotantoon on vasta ensimmäinen osa ratkaisua, koska niiden ajoittainen luonne johtaa pullonkaulailmiöön, joissa uusiutuvan sähköntuotantokapasiteetin kasvu ei enää lisää uusiutuvan energian sitoutumista sähköverkkoon. Täysin hiilettömän sähköverkon aikaan saamiseksi tarvitaan lisää teknisiä ratkaisuja, joiden avulla uusiutuvien energialähteiden tunkeutuminen sähköverkkoon voisi nousta jopa 100 prosenttiin. Sähköverkossa on jo 1900-luvun alusta asti käytetty ylhäältä alas -arkkitehtuuria, jossa aggregaattipuoli päättää voimalaitosten tuottaman sähkön määrän. Tässä mallissa uusiutuvan energian tuotanto on ’häiriötekijä’, johon sähköntuotantopuolen on sopeuduttava olemalla valmis laskemaan energiantuotanto voimalaitoksilla. Ongelman korjaamiseksi meidän tulee uudelleen suunnitella sähköverkkoinfrastruktuuri siten että uusiutuvan energian tuotanto ei vaaranna sähköverkon vakautta ja hallittavuutta. Helpompi tapa hallita uusiutuvan energian tuotantoa on rakentaa älykkäitä mikroverkkoja, jotka ovat pieniä autonomisia sähköverkkoja, joilla on kaksisuuntaiset virransiirtomahdollisuudet. Tämä helpottaa sähköverkon operaattoreiden päätöksentekoa. Kaikkia pääverkkoon kytkettyjä mikroverkkoja voidaan ohjeistaa siten että niiden energiantuotanto ja energian kulutus edistää pääverkon vakautta ja varmistaa, että voimalaitosten sähköntuotantotarpeisiin ei synny liian nopeita muutoksia. Mikroverkkojen käyttöönoton lisäksi on kehitettävä työkaluja, joita mikroverkot voivat käyttää tasapainottamaan sähkön kysyntää, jotta sähköverkko kykenee selviytymään kaikista olosuhteista, joita voi seurata uusiutuvan energian tuotannon ajoittaisesta luonteesta. Esimerkiksi aurinkoenergian tuotantokapasiteetin lisääminen ei toimi korvaamaan perinteistä sähköntuotantoa tietyn pisteen jälkeen, jos voimme käyttää aurinkoenergialla tuotettua sähköä vain päivällä. Ratkaisu tässä on siirtää kulutus päivältä yöaikaan. Tätä varten meidän on kehitettävä energian varastointiratkaisuja. Tässä opinnäytetyössä tutkitaan mahdollisuutta hyödyntää jäähdytystä osana sähköverkon hallintaa käyttämällä kehittyneitä prosessin ohjausmenetelmiä yhdessä Internet-of-Things-lähestymistavan kanssa. Erityisesti tutkin ajatusta käyttää jäähdytysjärjestelmiä yksisuuntaisina energianieluina, joilla voidaan ajoittaa sähkökulutus uudelleen ajanjaksoihin, jolloin uusiutuvan energian tuotanto on huipussaan. Työn kohde on Oulussa sijaitsevan S-Market Tuiran höyry-puristusjäähdytyskierto, jonka kieroaineena toimii hiilidioksidi. Jarno Johannes Tenhomaa on johdattanut matemaattisen mallin vuoden 2016 diplomityössään dynaamisen lineaarisen aikainvariantin tilamallin, joka kuvastaa kierron dynamiikkaa siten kertoen jäähdytettyjen tuotteiden termisestä inertiasta ja sitä kautta kierron sähköntarpeesta. Tässä työssä johdetaan malliennakoiva säädin (Model Predictive Controller) jäähdytysjärjestelmien dynaamista mallia hyödyntäen, jonka tehtävä on ohjata myymälän jääkaappien ja pakastimien ilman lämpötiloja, joita vuorostaan jäähdytettyjen tuotteiden lämpötilat seuraavat. MPC-säätö laskee jäähdytysjärjestelmän toimilaitteelle optimaalisen ohjauksen, jolla jäähdytysjärjestelmän lämpötila poikkeaa asetusarvosta mahdollisimman vähän valitun ennustushorisontin aikana. Lisäksi pyrin kehittämään ohjausstrategioita, jotka manipuloivat jäähdytysjärjestelmien virrankulutusta säätämällä vuorostaan malliennustavan säätimen asetusarvolämpötilaa. Näiden ohjausstrategioiden tavoite on varastoida joko halpaa ja / tai hiilineutraalia energiaa energianieluihin. Varastoitu energia voidaan myöhemmin hyödyntää aikoina, jolloin sähköverkon energia on kalliimpaa ja / tai tulee vähemmän hiilineutraaleista lähteistä. Energian Spot-markkinahintaan perustuva asetusarvon valintastrategia valitsee jääkaappien ja pakastimien asetusarvolämpötiloja Nord Pool AS:n Spot-hintatietojen mukaan. Sähköverkon uusiutuvan energian osuuteen pohjautuva asetusarvolämpötilan valintastrategia perustuu Energiateollisuus -etujärjestön julkaisemaan Suomen sähköverkon sähköntuotantotietoihin. Malliennustavan säätimen ja ohjausstrategioiden vertailuanalyysin tekemiseksi olen rakentanut reaaliaikaisen interaktiivisen simulaattorin Matlab-ohjelmaan, jolla pystyy havainnollistamaan supermarketin jäähdytysjärjestelmien toimintaa ja prosessin dynamiikkaa

Minimally-destructive detection of magnetically-trapped atoms using frequency-synthesised light

We present a technique for atomic density measurements by the off-resonant phase-shift induced on a two-frequency, coherently-synthesised light beam. We have used this scheme to measure the column density of a magnetically trapped atom cloud and to monitor oscillations of the cloud in real time by making over a hundred non-destructive local density measurments. For measurements using pulses of 10,000-100,000 photons lasting ~10 microsecond, the precision is limited by statistics of the photons and the photodiode avalanche. We explore the relationship between measurement precision and the unwanted loss of atoms from the trap and introduce a figure of merit that characterises it. This method can be used to probe the density of a BEC with minimal disturbance of its phase.Comment: Submitted to New Journal of Physic

Dissociative Anaesthesia During Field and Hospital Conditions for Castration of Colts

The principal aim of this study was to evaluate dissociative anaesthesia for castration of colts during field conditions. Three dissociative anaesthetic protocols were evaluated during castration of colts in an animal hospital. The protocol considered to be the most suitable was thereafter evaluated during castration of colts under field conditions. Respiratory and haemodynamic parameters and the response to surgery were determined during anaesthesia. All horses breathed air spontaneously during anaesthesia. Under hospital conditions 26 colts were randomised to receive one of three anaesthetic protocols: Romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (RZ); acepromazine, romifidine and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARZ); or acepromazine, romifidine, butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam (ARBZ). The surgeon was blinded to the anaesthetic protocol used and decided whether supplemental anaesthesia was needed to complete surgery. Under field conditions 31 colts were castrated during anaesthesia with the ARBZ protocol. All inductions, anaesthesia and recoveries were calm and without excitation under both hospital and field conditions. Surgery was performed within 5–20 minutes after the horses had assumed lateral recumbency during both hospital and field castrations. Under hospital conditions some horses needed supplemental anaesthesia with all three anaesthetic protocols to complete surgery. Interestingly, none of the horses castrated with protocol ARBZ under field conditions needed additional anaesthesia. Cardiorespiratory changes were within acceptable limits in these clinically healthy colts

Multi-order interference is generally nonzero

It is demonstrated that the third-order interference, as obtained from explicit solutions of Maxwell's equations for realistic models of three-slit devices, including an idealized version of the three-slit device used in a recent three-slit experiment with light (U. Sinha et al., Science 329, 418 (2010)), is generally nonzero. The hypothesis that the third-order interference should be zero is shown to be fatally flawed because it requires dropping the one-to-one correspondence between the symbols in the mathematical theory and the different experimental configurations.Comment: Replaced Figs. 4,5 and caption of Fig.

The Breathing Modes of the B=2B=2 Skyrmion and the Spin-Orbit Interaction

The coupling of the breathing and rotational modes of the skyrmion-skyrmion system leads to a nucleon-nucleon spin-orbit interaction of short range, as well as to spin-orbit potentials for the transitions $NN \to N(1440)N$, $NN \to NN(1440)$ and $NN \to N(1440)N(1440)$. The longest range behaviour of these spin-orbit potentials is calculated in closed form.Comment: Latex, figures not include

The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect at 1 and 2 mm towards ROSAT Clusters

An observing campaign was devoted to the search for the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (S-Z) effect towards X-ray ROSAT Clusters in the millimetric spectral domain. A double channel (1.2 and 2 {\it mm}) photometer was installed at the focus of the 15m Swedish ESO Submillimeter Telescope (SEST) in Chile in september 1994 and 1995 and observations of the targets S1077, A2744, S295 and RXJ0658-5557 were gathered. Detections were found for A2744 at 1 {\it mm} and in both channels (at 1.2 and 2 {\it mm}) towards RXJ0658-5557. For the first time there is evidence for the S-Z enhancement and both the latter and the decrement were detected on the same source. We discuss astrophysical and systematic effects which could give origin to these signals.Comment: 6 pg Latex file (style file included) including 1 ps figure, XVIth Moriond Astrophysics Meeting "The Anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background", Les Arcs, Savoie-France, March 16-23 199

Wearable device to assist independent living.

Older people increasingly want to remain living independently in their own homes. The aim of the ENABLE project is to develop a wearable device that can be used both within and outside of the home to support older people in their daily lives and which can monitor their health status, detect potential problems, provide activity reminders and offer communication and alarm services. In order to determine the specifications and functionality required for development of the device user surveys and focus groups were undertaken and use case analysis and scenario modeling carried out. The project has resulted in the development of a wrist worn device and mobile phone combination that can support and assist older and vulnerable wearers with a range of activities and services both inside and outside of their homes. The device is currently undergoing pilot trials in five European countries. The aim of this paper is to describe the ENABLE device, its features and services, and the infrastructure within which it operates

The evolutionary state of the southern dense core Cha-MMS1

Aims: Our goal is to set constraints on the evolutionary state of the dense core Cha-MMS1 in the Chamaeleon I molecular cloud. Methods: We analyze molecular line observations carried out with the new submillimeter telescope APEX. We look for outflow signatures around the dense core and probe its chemical structure, which we compare to predictions of models of gas-phase chemistry. We also use the public database of the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST) to compare Cha-MMS1 with the two Class 0 protostars IRAM 04191 and L1521F, which are at the same distance. Results: We measure a large deuterium fractionation for N2H+ (11 +/- 3 %), intermediate between the prestellar core L1544 and the very young Class 0 protostar L1521F. It is larger than for HCO+ (2.5 +/- 0.9 %), which is probably the result of depletion removing HCO+ from the high-density inner region. Our CO(3-2) map reveals the presence of a bipolar outflow driven by the Class I protostar Ced 110 IRS 4 but we do not find evidence for an outflow powered by Cha-MMS1. We also report the detection of Cha-MMS1 at 24, 70 and 160 microns by the instrument MIPS of the SST, at a level nearly an order of magnitude lower than IRAM 04191 and L1521F. Conclusions: Cha-MMS1 appears to have already formed a compact object, either the first hydrostatic core at the very end of the prestellar phase, or an extremely young protostar that has not yet powered any outflow, at the very beginning of the Class 0 accretion phase.Comment: Accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysics as a letter, to appear in the special issue on the APEX first result